substanceIn Aristotle's metaphysics, this term refers to what something is essentially or fundamentally.
Definitions:
The real physical matter of which a person or thing consists and which has a tangible, solid presence.
essenceAccording to Aristotle, it is the nature or properties that a thing must have to be what it is.
Definitions:
The intrinsic nature or indispensable quality of something, especially something abstract, which determines its character.
potentialityAristotle's concept representing the possible or latent state of being.
Definitions:
Latent qualities or abilities that may be developed and lead to future success or usefulness.
actualityTerm used by Aristotle to describe something in its complete, fully realized state as opposed to only potentially.
Definitions:
The state of things as they are or as they appear to be in reality.
causeIn metaphysics, Aristotle identifies four types of cause: the material, formal, efficient, and final.
Definitions:
A person or thing that gives rise to an action, phenomenon, or condition.